introduction

The interpretation of echocardiographic images requires a

complex mental integration of multiple image planes for

a true understanding of anatomic and pathologic structures.

The representation of images in a 3-dimensional format

more closely resembles reality and could therefore enhance

image interpretation. In addition, 3-dimensional imaging allows

direct calculation of volumes and is, thus, more accurate

than current models relying on geometric assumptions.

First attempts to incorporate multiple views to form a

3-dimensional image were made in the seventies. But, because

of technical limitations (eg lack of processing power,

relatively poor image quality, difficulties in image plane alignment)

this technique was limited to an experimental setting.

The advent of transoesophageal echocardiography together

with newer imaging probes and enhanced image

processing capabilities have now led to a remarkable progress

in the field of 3-dimensional imaging.

Numerous applications of three-dimensional echocardiography

(3D-echo) have been proposed. For example, improvements

in image interpretation with 3D-echo could be

of value in the decision making and planning of cardiac surgery,

and in the diagnosis of complex cardiac lesions [1]. In

addition, 3-dimensional imaging allows quantitative parameters

such as valve areas, the size of defects (atrial septal defect,

ventricular septal defect) or volumes to be obtained [2, 3].

With new developments that allow system integration of 3Dscanning,

rapid or even near real time 3D-reconstruction and

measurements, 3D-echo is now on the verge of becoming an

integral part of an echo examination.